Tichodroma 23 (2011)
Pôvodné práce
Krátke
správy
Ostatné
Abstrakty
Klimatické
podmienky a početnosť fúzatky trstinovej (Panurus biarmicus) v zime na
Levických rybníkoch
Climatic conditions and the abundance of
the Bearded Tit (Panurus biarmicus) during winter on Levice fishponds
Lucia TURČOKOVÁ & Michal BALÁŽ
Katedra zoologie a Ornitologická laboratoř,
Přírodovědecká fakulta UP, tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Česko;
lturcokova@gmail.com; Ornitologická stanice Muzea Komenského, Bezručova 10, 750
02 Přerov, Česko; Katedra biológie a ekológie, Pedagogická fakulta KU,
Hrabovská cesta 1, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovensko; michal.balaz@ku.sk
From 1980s, population of Bearded Tit
increased dramatically to 150–400 breeding pairs in Slovakia. In this paper, we
present observations of wintering flocks of Bearded Tit on Levice fishponds.
Size of the wintering flocks reached 2–50 individuals (n = 4 years) and positively
depended on mean winter temperatures. As the part of wintering population may
set up a new breeding colony in the spring, we presume that Levice fishponds
may become the new breeding site of the species in the future.
Príspevok
k poznaniu hniezdnej úspešnosti vrchárky modrej (Prunella modularis) vo
vysokohorskom prostredí Malej Fatry
Contribution to the knowledge of nest
success of the Hedge Sparrow (Prunella modularis) in a sub-alpine zone of the
Malá Fatra Mts. (NW Slovakia)
Radovan JAMBOR, Michal BALÁŽ & Ľudovít
KOCIAN
Katedra zoológie, Prírodovedecká fakulta UK
v Bratislave, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovensko; radojambor@gmail.com,
kocian@fns.uniba.sk; Katedra biológie, Pedagogická fakulta KU v Ružomberku,
Hrabovská cesta 1, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovensko; michal.balaz@ku.sk
In the years 2009–2011, characterised by
markedly wet seasons, we studied some aspects of breeding ecology of the Hedge
Sparrow breeding above the tree line in a sub-alpine zone of the Malá Fatra
Mountains. Here we reported the rate of nest success of the species and
characterised the nest failure causes. We only found 16 occupied nests with
clutch or nestlings within the 70 ha model study area during the study period
that very strong underestimate of recorded male territories censused by the
international standard mapping methods (e.g. 18 territories / 10 active nests
in 2011). Taking into consideration the total number of trapped and re-trapped
birds, we assume that high proportion of the population is non-breeding. We
estimated a nesting success for our sample to be 42.9%, what is comparable
number to the estimates from other Passerines species. Breeding of the species
in high elevations is limited by the harsh weather condition that is the main
factor of nest failures.
Hniezdenie
a výskyt krakle belasej (Coracias garrulus) na juhozápadnom Slovensku v rokoch
2007–2011
Breeding and occurrence of the European
Roller (Coracias garrulus) in SW Slovakia during 2007–2011
Mirko BOHUŠ
Katedra ekosozológie a fyziotaktiky,
Prírodovedecká fakulta UK, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovensko;
bohus@fns.uniba.sk
The study refers to breeding and occurrence
of European Roller in the last known breeding site in Slovakia close to Komárno
town in 2007–2011. Altogether, five breedings were recorded (two in the year
2007, one in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively). All of them were successful.
The number of eggs in clutch counted four or five, number of hatched nestlings
were four or five, number of fledglings varied between three and five (in total
20). Nest boxes (four times) and natural hollow of Black Woodpecker Dryocopus
martius (once) excavated in White/Grey Poplar were used for breeding. Repeated
breeding in the same nest box was confirmed. One nest-box was used for the fourth
time by the same pair in 2007; the other was used in 2008 and 2009, each time
by different pair. In 2009, female originating from surrounding of
Kunszentmiklós, Hungary (124 km apart) bred at the site. Repeated breeding of the
same male (hatched in 2007) was recorded in 2009 and 2010, each time forming
pair with different female and in different nest-box. In 2008, case of incest
breeding of female with her father, less likely with older brother was
recorded. In 2011, no breeding occurred at the site.
Vtáctvo
periodických vlhkých poľných depresií pri Zvolene (stredné Slovensko)
Birds of temporary wet field depressions
near Zvolen town (C Slovakia)
Anton KRIŠTÍN, Stanislav ONDRUŠ, Benjamín
JARČUŠKA & Peter KAŇUCH
Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53
Zvolen, Slovensko; kristin@savzv.sk; ŠOP SR, Správa NP Nízke Tatry, Lazovná 10,
Banská Bystrica, Slovensko
Temporary wetlands in the fields offer
important habitats for migrating waterfowl and all birds. Altogether 150 bird
species (ca. 42% of Slovak avifauna) were found in wet field depressions,
surrounding hedges and poplar woods (117 ha) near Zvolen town in 2006–2011.
There were found only 24 breeding species, most species were permigrants (64)
and hospites – species visiting the study site from surrounding areas for
foraging and roosting (62). In total 81 species, of them 38 waterfowl and at
water living bird species were registered during spring migration in March and
April. The species Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Ardea cinerea, Anas
platyrhynchos, Anthus pratensis, Emberiza schoeniclus, were characteristic and
the most frequent of them then, rare were, e.g. Gallinago media, Grus grus,
Limicola falcinellus, Lymnocryptes minimus, Numenius arquata, Tringa
stagnatilis. The species Buteo buteo, Columba palumbus and C. oenas, Alauda
arvensis, Motacilla alba, Pica pica, Corvus cornix and Sturnus vulgaris were
the most frequent from other birds. The most abundant species there were S. vulgaris,
V. vanellus and C. palumbus (7.7–22%) during spring migration. Occurrence and
phenology of 47 species were commented, too.
Zoskupenia
vtákov biotopov v okolí stredného toku Hrona
Bird assemblages of habitats around the
middle part of the Hron River
Peter LEŠO & Rudolf KROPIL
Katedra ochrany lesa a poľovníctva,
Lesnícka fakulta TU vo Zvolene, T. G. Masaryka 20, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko;
leso@vsld.tuzvo.sk, kropil@vsld.tuzvo.sk
The aim of the study was to determine
qualitative and quantitative structure of the bird assemblages of various habitats
adjacent to the Hron River, where the first breeding of Goosander in Slovakia was
documented. Strip method was used to census birds in the breeding season 2007,
with three standard controls plus one special control using boat. Four habitat
types were distinguished: A – water and littoral (24% of the total monitored area);
B – riparian forest (26%); C – meadows, fields and shrubs (47%); D –
settlements (3%). In total, 69 bird species were recorded within all four
habitats (of them, 46 in the habitat B, 33 in the habitat C, 11 in the habitat D
and seven in the habitat A). Density reached the highest value in the habitat B
(164.9 pairs/10 ha). The values of density ranged from 25.5 (A) to 55.6 (D)
pairs/10 ha in three remaining habitats. Negative effects of small hydroelectric
plants projected on the river Hron are discussed.
Vodné
a na vodu viazané vtáctvo na vodnej nádrži Ružiná (stredné Slovensko) v rokoch
1996–2010
Waterbirds at water reservoir Ružiná (C
Slovakia) in 1996–2010
Dušan KERESTÚR, Marian MOJŽIŠ & Anton
KRIŠTÍN
Tolstého 17, 984 03 Lučenec, Slovensko; chocatabras@gmail.com;
Školská 211, 985 31 Mučín, Slovensko; m.mojzis76@gmail.com; Ústav ekológie lesa
SAV, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; kristin@savzv.sk
Altogether 84 waterbird species were
registered at water reservoir Ružiná from October 1996 to December 2010. Of
them, there were 22 breeding species, (12 regular, six irregular and four
rare), only two wintering and 60 permigrants (not breeding). The most abundant
species were Anas platyrhynchos (58.4%), Fulica atra (12%), Podiceps cristatus
(9.9%) and Anas crecca (4.1%). The most frequent were Ardea cinerea, Fulica
atra, Podiceps cristatus, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas crecca, Chroicocephalus
ridibundus and Phalacrocorax carbo. Population trends, abundance and
phenological data in 32 species are commented.
K
druhému hniezdeniu trsteniarika škriekavého (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) v
jednej hniezdnej sezóne na Slovensku
On the second breeding of the Great Reed
Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in the same season in Slovakia
Alfréd TRNKA
Katedra biológie, Pedagogická fakulta TU,
Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava, Slovensko; atrnka@truni.sk
In Central Europe the Great Reed Warbler
breeds usually once a year. Two broods in the same season are scarce and
questionable. The second breeding of this species in a stable south-western
Slovakia population in 2009–2011 is discussed in this paper. From a total of
112 females monitored during entire breeding season, only three females (2.7%)
raised successfully two broods in the same season. These results correspond to
the findings in other sites in Central Europe.
Projekt
CES na Slovensku v roku 2011
Constant Effort Sites (CES) programme
operated in Slovakia in 2011
†Róbert TRNKA
ŠOP SR, Správa CHKO Horná Orava,
Bernolákova 408, 029 01 Námestovo, Slovensko
In 2011, the Constant Effort Sites (CES)
programme was operated at six localities in Slovakia. Altogether, 3119 individuals
of 65 bird species were caught in 717 m of mist-nets. 1262 (40.5%) of them were
adults and 1857 (59.5%) juveniles. Reed Warbler, Blackcap, European Robin, Reed
Bunting and Sedge Warbler were the most abundant species. The juveniles
prevailed over the adults in forest bird species (European Robin, Great Tit, Blackcap),
whereas in most marsh birds, namely Acrocephalus species, adults predominated
over juveniles. Numbers of birds mist-netted during the breeding period showed
a distinct seasonal trend. These results are crucial for the next monitoring.
Neobvyklé
hniezdenie výrika lesného (Otus scops) v paneláku na sídlisku v Rimavskej
Sobote (J Slovensko)
Unusual breeding of Scops Owl (Otus scops)
in a prefab house in Rimavská Sobota (S Slovakia)
František BEDNÁR & Karol ŠOTNÁR
M. R. Štefánika 2/64, 034 01 Ružomberok,
Slovensko; info@wnp.sk; Školská 17/12, 972 17 Kanianka, Slovensko;
karol_sotnar@post.sk
Successful breeding of the Scops Owl in
prefab house of urban environment is described from southern Slovakia. Foraging
territory of 6.5 ha was composed by eight to ten floor high prefab houses
(28%), park tree vegetation (29%) and grasslands (43%). The tree layer was
composed by conifers (60%) and deciduous trees (40%). The earliest arrival of
birds in the nesting locality was April 4, 2010. The nest cavity was located in
the attic under the roof in the middle of eight floor prefab house, 25 m high
and one meter above the nearest window. At least two chicks fledged and their
last observation was recorded on August 6, 2010. Foraging behaviour within distribution
area was observed.
Sčítanie
zimujúcich orliakov morských na slovenskom úseku Dunaja v zimách 2008/2009 až
2010/2011
Census of wintering White-tailed Sea Eagles
in Slovak section of the Danube river in winters 2008/2009 – 2010/2011
Mirko BOHUŠ
Katedra ekosozológie a fyziotaktiky,
Prírodovedecká fakulta UK, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovensko;
bohus@fns.uniba.sk
Data in this report was sampled by
experienced voluntary observers from stationary points yearly in last Saturday of
January, since 9:00 till 14:00. Points were distributed along Danube banks and
dikes of Gabčíkovo hydro power plant storage lake and head- and tailwater canal
in pattern providing optimal range of vision from each point. On January 26,
2009, in Danube river section (river km 1865–1770), storage lake and tailwater
canal of Gabčíkovo hydroelectric power project (GHPP) were recorded 44
individuals of White-tailed Sea Eagle (from that 9 adults and 21
subadults/juveniles). On January 30, 2010, in Danube river section (rkm
1865–1733), storage lake and tailwater canal of GHPP were recorded 31
individuals (from that 12 adults and 14 subadults/juveniles). On January 29,
2011, in Danube river section (rkm 1879–1708), storage lake and head- and
tailwater canal of GHPP were recorded 11 individuals (from that three adults
and five subadults/juveniles). Data obtained in 2011 were heavily influenced by
thick fog (occurring in 17 points from 38), hence results from this census are
highly underestimated. Sites with the highest abundance of wintering population
are river sections of Danube river at rkm 1821–1835, 1811–1818 and 1803–1808
and storage lake of GHHP.
Ornitocenózy
pásových porastov drevín poľnohospodárskej
krajiny v Chránenom vtáčom území
Dolné Považie
Bird assemblages of belt-shaped patches of
wood stands in agricultural landscape of the Special Protected Area Dolné
Považie
Mirko BOHUŠ
Katedra ekosozológie a fyziotaktiky,
Prírodovedecká fakulta UK, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovensko;
bohus@fns.uniba.sk
In Podunajská nížina lowland, a typical
intensively managed agricultural landscape, wood stands are relatively scarce.
Most frequent are belt-shaped stands, located mainly in filled-up relicts of
river branches or/and edging linear landscape elements like lanes, ditches or
canals. These wood stands are colonised by various species of birds and in
otherwise deforested landscape offer conditions for arboreal/forest species. In
the 2009, the bird assemblages were studied, using belt transect method, in 12
woody stands differing in area, width, length and cover of tall trees,
pollarded willows, shrub and herbaceous layer and proportion of open water.
Total species richness of all sites combined was 41 species with maximum of 23
species in the widest and four species in one of the two narrowest stands.
Maximum density was detected in one of the narrowest stands (214.3 pairs/ 10
ha), minimum density in one of the widest stands (28.6 pairs/ 10 ha). The most
common and abundant species was Luscinia megarhynchos (18.6±13.3 pairs/ 10 ha).
Other species found in all stands were Passer montanus and Fringilla coelebs.
It was found that the composition of assemblages was influenced by stand width
and cover of herbaceous layer. Local extinction of Upupa epops, Coracias
garrulus and Phoenicurus phoenicurus was confirmed. As a curiosity, common
breeding of Passer montanus in missletoe (Viscum alba) bushes, growing on aged
poplars (solitaries or in lines), was found in four stands.
K
výskytu a hniezdeniu rybára riečneho (Sterna hirundo) na severovýchodnom
Slovensku
On occurrence and breeding of Common Tern
(Sterna hirundo) in NE Slovakia
Benjamín JARČUŠKA
Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53
Zvolen, Slovensko; benjamin.jarcuska@gmail.com
Breeding of Common Tern (probably six
pairs) was observed in gravel-deposit-quarry lake Andrejovka in June 2011. It
should be the only known existing breeding site of the species in NE Slovakia.
Hniezdenie
šabliarky modronohej (Recurvirostra avosetta) v roku 2010 na JZ Slovensku
Breeding of Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)
in 2010 in SW Slovakia
Vladimír SLOBODNÍK, Mirko BOHUŠ, Jozef
LENGYEL & Roman SLOBODNÍK
ŠOP SR, Správa CHKO Ponitrie, Dlhá 3, 971
01 Prievidza, Slovensko; vladimir.slobodnik@sopsr.sk; Katedra ekosozológie a
fyziotaktiky Prírodovedecká fakulta UK, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovensko;
bohus@fns.uniba.sk; Nitriansky Hrádok, Za kostolom 2, 942 01 Šurany, Slovensko;
jozef.lengyel@gmail.com; Katedra ekológie a environmentalistiky, Fakulta
prírodných vied UKF, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovensko;
roman.slobodnik@ukf.sk
During the season in 2010, with extremely
high precipitations, we observed breeding of at least seven pairs of Avocet in
districts Komárno and Nové Zámky in south-west Slovakia. Altogether, eight
young leaved four nests.
Prehľad
krúžkovania vtákov na Slovensku v roku 2010
Bird-ringing results in Slovakia in 2010
Vladimír SLOBODNÍK & Roman SLOBODNÍK
ŠOP SR, Správa CHKO Ponitrie, Dlhá 3, 971
01 Prievidza, Slovensko; vladimir.slobodnik@sopsr.sk; Katedra ekológie a
environmentalistiky, Fakulta prírodných vied UKF, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 1, 949 74
Nitra, Slovensko; roman.slobodnik@ukf.sk
In 2010, 71 members of Slovak
Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia ringed altogether 41016 birds, of them
2954 were nestlings (7.2%). The most numerous ringed species were Parus major
(3663 individuals), Sylvia atricapilla (3362 ind.), Erithacus rubecula (2555
ind.), Carduelis spinus (2529 ind.), Cyanistes caeruleus (2482 ind.) and
Phylloscopus collybita (2322 ind.). The ringed birds belonged to 181 species.
The most frequently ringed young are discussed. Results of 15 individuals
re-trapped in Slovakia and ringed abroad as well as 12 individuals ringed in
Slovakia and re-trapped abroad are given.
11.
správa Faunistickej komisie Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti/BirdLife
Slovensko
The 11th report of the Rarities Committee
of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia
Vladimír ŠRANK
Zoologická záhrada Bojnice, 972 01 Bojnice,
Slovensko; vladimir.srank@gmail.com
In 2010 the Rarities Committee of the
Slovak Ornithological Society/Birdlife Slovakia discussed in total 16 announcements
from which 16 were accepted. In the category A (new species for Slovakia) was
accepted one observation: Prunella atrogularis. In the category B (new
nidificants for Slovakia ) was accepted one observation: Anas crecca. In the
category C (any occurrence and nesting of the species must by reported) were
accepted 14 observations of the following species: Alopochen aegyptiaca, Aquila
nipalensis, Branta ruficollis, Bubulcus ibis, Circus macrourus, Cygnus
columbianus, Emberiza hortulana, Mergus merganser, Montifringilla nivalis,
Motacilla citreola, Pelecanus crispus, Stercorarius longicaudus, Stercorarius
pomarinus (two observations).
Gustáv
Murícius Reuss a jeho súpis vtákov okolia Revúcej z rokov 1853 a 1854
Gustáv Maurícius Reuss and his list of
birds of the surroundings of the Revúca town from 1853 and 1854
Marcel UHRIN & Jiří MLÍKOVSKÝ
Katedra zoológie, Ústav biologických a
ekologických vied, Prírodovedecká fakulta, Univerzita P. J. Šafárika, Moyzesova
11, 040 01 Košice, Slovensko; marcel.uhrin@upjs.sk; Zoologické oddělení,
Národní muzeum, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Česko;
jiri_mlikovsky@nm.cz
Gustáv Mauricius Reuss (1818–1861), a
Slovak polymath who lived in Revúca, central Slovakia, wrote in 1853–1854 a
list of birds of the surroundings of the town of Revúca, but the manuscript has
never been published. We restudied the manuscript and interpreted Reuss’s list
of 118 bird “species” from the point of view of current ornithology and
linguistics. The following records are significant from the faunistic point of
view: Barn Owl (Tyto alba) and Little Owl (Athene noctua) as common breeders at
Revúca, and White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) as a non-breeding spring visitor.
Ornitologické
poznámky z pozostalosti Františka Baláta (Z Slovensko)
Ornithological notes from the inheritance
of František Balát (W Slovakia)
Peter RÁC
Lermontovova 4, 811 05 Bratislava,
Slovensko
Unpublished faunistical data on birds are
compiled from the inheritance of Czechoslovak ornithologist Dr. František Balát
(*July 22, 1925 − †April 20, 1992). The data was sampled in western Slovakia in
1946–1991. Breeding of some mentioned species is not known more in Slovakia
(Burhinus oedicnemus, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius senator, Monticola saxatilis,
Numenius arquata).
Nomenklatorický
a taxonomický štatút vtákov opísaných Josephom von Nagyom roku 1859
Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of birds
described by Joseph von Nagy in 1859
Jiří MLÍKOVSKÝ
Department of Zoology, National Museum,
Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic; jiri_mlikovsky@nm.cz
Joseph von Nagy (1818–1892) was a district
physician and naturalist at Nitra, south-western Slovakia. In 1859 he published
a checklist of the birds of the Nitra District, in which he created several new
specific names of birds. These names remained overlooked in taxonomic
literature. My revision of these names showed that Corvus coracias Nagy is an
objective synonym of Coracias garrulus Linnaeus, Turdus sturnus Nagy is an
objective synonym of Sturnus vugaris Linnaeus, and Turdus oriolus Nagy is an
objective synonym of Oriolus galbula Linaeus = Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus).
Ferdinand
I. Coburg – ornitologické čriepky
Ferdinand I. Coburg – ornithological
fragments
Peter URBAN
Katedra biológie a ekológie, Fakulta
prírodných vied UMB, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovensko; Peter.Urban@umb.sk
In February 2011 we remembered 150th anniversary
when Ferdinand I. Coburg (*1861 – † 1948), former Tsar of Bulgaria, was born.
He studied mainly botany, entomology and ornithology. As a Bulgarian tsar,
founded the Sofia ZOO (1888) and the National Museum of Natural History in
Sofia (1889). From 1889 to 1892 he personally identified and arranged the bird
specimens and their collections. He attended also some expeditions (research journeys)
in south America, Africa and Europe. He always studied the birds of all sites,
he visited. In this paper are summarised his ornithological activities.
Ornitologie:
věda pro každého?
Ornithology: a science for everyone?
Tomáš GRIM
Katedra zoologie a Ornitologická laboratoř,
Univerzita Palackého, Tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Česko; tomas.grim@upol.cz
Ornithology has a special place among
sciences in that amateurs contribute massively to our knowledge of birds. Indeed,
ornithology has been a pioneer of citizen science. However, amateur
contribution has both, its pros and cons, the latter including the occasional
poorer quality of primary data and published papers. In this essay, I draw attention
to the intermittent unsatisfactory quality of ornithological research (both
amateur and professional) in Czech and Slovak Republics, try to identify its
causes and consequences and suggest possible solutions. I argue that the
current state stems from confused terminology, misconceptions of scientific
methods and unfamiliarity with rapid recent changes in standards of scientific
research, publication practice and quality requirements. Therefore, I discuss
(a) historical changes in the meaning of relevant terms (birdwatching,
ornithologist, amateur, professional), (b) reasons for current state of Czech
and Slovak ornithology (historical isolation during the communist era from foreign
“western” science, outdated influential local literature), and (c) particular
shortcomings (e.g. amateur authors refusing to follow referee advice on how to
correct manuscripts). To improve the amateur contribution and strengthen
meaningful cooperation between amateur and professional ornithologists I
suggest that amateurs actively self-educate themselves and seek advice from
professionals. Importantly, standards of quality and requirements of the
refereeing process should be always objective, i.e., independent of the
author’s previous work or his/her status as an amateur or a professional.
Ornithology is, indeed, a science for everyone who is willing to obey the
established rules of scientific work.
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