Tichodroma 21 (2009) Pôvodné práce
Trendy početnosti bežných druhov vtákov na Slovensku v rokoch 2005–2009 Trends in common birds abundance in Slovakia during 2005–2009 Katarína SLABEYOVÁ, Jozef RIDZOŇ & Rudolf KROPIL SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, Mlynské nivy 41, 821 09 Bratislava, Slovensko; slabeyova@vtaky.sk, ridzon@vtaky.sk; Lesnícka fakulta TU vo Zvolene, Masarykova 20, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; kropil@vsld.tuzvo.sk Common bird census in Slovakia between the years 2005–2009 was organized within the framework of the Pan European Common Bird Census Monitoring Scheme. Altogether 37 ornithologists joined census and from 22 (year 2006) up to 37 point transects (year 2009) were monitored. In total, 173 bird species were observed on all transects during the monitored period. Of them 62 species reached relative abundance higher than 0.3%. Relative abundance higher than 3% reached six species (Fringilla coelebs, Sturnus vulgaris, Turdus merula, Sylvia atricapilla, Turdus philomelos and Alauda arvensis). Short-term trends for the years 2005–2009 were evaluated in the program TRIM 3.54. We evaluated changes in numbers of 102 species which were observed in representative numbers in each season. Trends were classified as following; 11 species in steep decline, five in moderate decline, two in strong increase, ten in moderate increase and 74 species were classified as uncertain. Konvergencia štruktúry potravných gíld ornitocenóz medzi lesmi dvoch zoogeografických oblastí Convergence in foraging guild structure of bird assemblages between forests in two zoogeographic regions Martin KORŇAN & Richard T. HOLMES Centrum pre ekologické štúdie, Ústredie 14, 013 62 Veľké Rovné, Slovensko; martin.kornan@gmail.com; Katedra ochrany lesa a poľovníctva, Lesnícka fakulta TU vo Zvolene, Masarykova 20, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; kornan@vsld.tuzvo.sk; Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA; richard.t.holmes@dartmouth.edu We compared the foraging guild structure of bird assemblages between two model plots in two zoogeographic regions. The research was conducted in a beech-maple-birch forest with admixture of spruce in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in USA (Nearctic region) and beech-fir forest in the Šrámková National Nature Reserve in Slovakia (Palaearctic region). Foraging guild structure was determined from observed frequencies of foraging substrates used by individual species. Data matrices 22 species × 35 variables (Nearctic) and 26 species × 47 variables (Palaearctic) were constructed from the database of foraging observations. Multivariate numerical procedures such as bootstrapped cluster analysis (UPGMA) and correspondence analysis (CA) were applied for determination and interpretation of the foraging guild structure. Four guild categories (litter and trunk foragers, two distinct guilds of foliage gleaners) and one significantly different dendrogram branch were determined in the bird assemblage of Nearctic forest (critical threshold level α = 0.1). Six guild categories (litter foragers, herb foragers, trunk foragers, foliage gleaners, flycatchers, and stream foragers) and one independent dendrogram branch were detected in the bird assemblage in the Palearctic forest. Presence of three analogous guild categories connected to foraging in/on litter/ground, on trunk and on leaves implies convergence in evolution of bird assemblages. Similar basic division of guilds has been described in the eucalypt forests in the Australian region indicating rough patterns of convergent evolution in the structure of forest bird assemblages on the global scale, perhaps related to similarities in the physical structure and types of food resources of these geographically distinct forests. Hniezdne ornitocenózy mladín bukovo-smrekových lesov a zarastajúcich rúbanísk pohoria Ostrôžky (stredné Slovensko) Breeding bird assemblages of young beech-spruce forests and clearcuts of Ostrôžky Mts. (C Slovakia) Dušan KERESTÚR, Marián MOJŽIŠ, Anton KRIŠTÍN, Ján MATULA, Jozef LENGYEL, Radovan VÁCLAV, Branislav MATEJOVIČ, František BEDNÁR & Jozef RIDZOŇ Slovenská ornitologická spoločnosť/BirdLife Slovensko, Mlynské Nivy 41, 821 09 Bratislava, Slovensko; Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovensko; kristin@savzv.sk; Ústav zoológie SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovensko The early stages of forest succession, nowadays mainly represented by clearcuts, pastures and meadows, can be colonized by various species and communities of animals. Breeding bird assemblages of clearcuts, young forests (less than 20 years), and surrounding mature (40–90 y) beech-spruce forests as well as traditionally managed farming areas were studied on the border of two distinct vegetation zones (Pannonicum vs. Carpaticum). Area was also the boundary between traditionally pasture – orchard farming area and forest complex in Southern Slovakia. In young beech-spruce forests, we found 39 bird species, 25 of them classified as breeding (abundance 75 pairs/ 10 ha) and 14 as non-breeding species. The species Sylvia communis (11 pairs/ 10 ha), Sylvia curruca (8 p/ 10 ha), Phylloscopus collybita (7 p/ 10 ha), Phylloscopus trochilus, Prunella modularis and Erithacus rubecula (6 p/ 10 ha each) represented the most abundant breeders. The species Sylvia borin (3 p/ 10 ha), Caprimulgus europaeus (1 p/ 10 ha), Parus cristatus and Parus montanus were rare breeders of this habitat type. In total, 73 bird species (ca 21% of the Slovak avifauna), 69 of them classified as breeding (ca 31% of 223 species breeding in Slovakia) and 4 as non-breeding, were detected in all three plots of the whole study area (ca 58 ha). The breeding occurrence of the species Dendrocopos leucotos, Dendrocopos minor, Coturnix coturnix, C. europaeus, Lullula arborea, Oriolus oriolus, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Sylvia nisoria, P. cristatus, Parus montanus, and Loxia curvirostra was of zoogeographic and faunistic importance. Vtáčie spoločenstvo krátkodobej mokrade pri vodnej nádrži Sĺňava (Z Slovensko) Bird community at temporary wetland near water reservoir Sĺňava (W Slovakia) Pavel KAŇUŠČÁK Zavretý kút 42/16, 921 01 Piešťany, Slovensko; kanuscak@gmail.com In 2008 and 2009 I observed the occurrence of birds at temporary wetland which was at the area under cultivation nearby water reservoir Sĺňava. Altogether, 78 species were observed, five of them were nesting there. Dominant species were Sturnus vulgaris, Larus ridibundus, Anas platyrhynchos and Vanellus vanellus. Considering the character of the site, the major group was represented by Charadriiformes with 23 species. Charadrius alexandrinus and Sterna nilotica, rank among species which have not yet been discovered in wider surroundings of Piešťany town. Interesting was also observation of Threskiornis aethiopicus despite the fact that it originated from captivity. Presented case conform revitalization capability of nature and adaptation of birds to newly established conditions. Hniezdne spoločenstvá vtákov lužných lesov alúvia rieky Latorica (Východoslovenská nížina) Breeding bird communities of floodplain forests of Latorica River (East Slovakian Lowland) Ladislav MOŠANSKÝ Ústav zoológie SAV, Löfflerova 10, 040 03 Košice, Slovensko; mosansky@saske.sk The floodplain forests of the Latorica River inundation area (East Slovakian Lowland) belong to important complexes of the lowland habitats in Slovakia. Breeding birds were studied in 1997 in the lowland swamp ash-elm-oak forests of Latorica river in the Latorický luh I and Latorický luh II National Nature Reserves (NNR). Bird communities consisted of 29 species with a total density of 76 pairs/ 10 ha in Latorický luh I NNR and of the 38 species with a total density 95.5 pairs/ 10 ha in Latorický luh II NNR. Following dominant species were recorded there; Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Ficedula albicollis, Sylvia atricapilla and Turdus merula. Rare occurrence of Ficedula hypoleuca in oak-ash crop in Latorický luh II NNR is commented. Avifauna komplexu rôznych biotopov v Hornonitrianskej kotline (stredné Slovensko) Birds of a complex of various habitats in Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin (C Slovakia) Roman SLOBODNÍK Krasku 8/5, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovensko; roman.slobodnik@ukf.sk Bird species composition and abundance in a complex of various types of habitats (meadows, pastures, forests and bushes) were studied during 1999–2009. In the selected site Bôrik in Hornonitrianska kotlina Basin (vicinity of Nitrianske Pravno, central Slovakia), 109 bird species were found, 69 of them were assigned as breeding species. Altogether, 1191 individuals of 57 species were ringed during the study period there. The nest boxes were occupied by seven hollow-nesting species. Zimovanie a migrácia vodného vtáctva na Hrušovskej zdrži a priľahlých lokalitách v rokoch 2004–2009, zhodnotenie ekosozologického významu lokality Wintering and migration of waterbird species at Hrušovská zdrž water reservoir and surrounding sites in 2004–2009, evaluation of the site ecosozological importance Katarína SLABEYOVÁ, Jozef RIDZOŇ, Ján SVETLÍK & Richard KVETKO Katedra ekologie, Přírodovědecká fakulta UK, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Česko; slabeyova@vtaky.sk; Katedra zoologie, Přírodovědecká fakulta UK, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Česko; ridzon@vtaky.sk; SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, Mlynské nivy 41, 821 09 Bratislava,Slovensko; jan.svetlik@nextra.sk; SNP 14, 903 01 Senec, Slovensko; richard.kvetko@centrum.sk At Hrušovská zdrž water reservoir and its surrounding seeping canals, 90 waterbird species were recorded during regular visits in 2004–2009. Altogether, 88 species were recorded at Hrušovská zdrž itself and 40 species were recorded at seeping canals. The most abundant species in all months at Hrušovská zdrž was Aythya fuligula with the dominance of 46.1–52.4%; at seeping canals it was Tachybaptus ruficollis with the dominance of 25.8–52%. The numbers of individuals strongly fluctuated within few days. Species Bucephala clangula and Mergus albellus increased their abundance always after strong temperature drop, with the delay of several days. Changes in the abundance could be seen since the fill up of water reservoir in 1992. Numbers of Aythya ferina declined in the observed period, on the contrary, in the winter season numbers of Anas strepera, Anas penelope, Aythya marila and Melanitta fusca increased up to several hundreds of individuals. Systematic monitoring confirmed that populations of Anser albifrons, Anser fabalis, Anas platyrhynchos, A. ferina, A. fuligula, Larus michahellis and Larus minutus reached higher numbers than international 1% thresholds. Species L. michahellis and L. minutus reached this threshold only for the first time in the season 2008/2009. Migrácia a prvé doložené hniezdenie žeriava popolavého (Grus grus) na Slovensku Migration and the first documented breeding of the Crane (Grus grus) in Slovakia Matej REPEL, Peter CHRAŠČ, Samuel PAČENOVSKÝ & Ján UHRÍN L. Svobodu 26, 058 01 Poprad, Slovensko; matejrepel@gmail.com; Povstania Českého ľudu 22, 040 22 Košice, Slovensko; chrasc@vtaky.sk; SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, Mlynské Nivy 41, 821 09 Bratislava 2, Slovensko; pacenovsky@vtaky.sk, uhrin@vtaky.sk Current migration of Cranes across the area of Senné (at its main migratory rout in Slovakia) differs from the past. Increasing numbers of birds tend to stay and roost there during March and April. In 2005 their numbers reached 400–450 up to 2500 in 2008. There was found a change in timing of the migration. It starts earlier (February) and lasts longer than before (November, December in mild winters). The first breeding of the species in Slovakia was documented in 2009 from Senné – rybníky National Nature Reserve. A pair of adult Cranes with a buff coloured fledgling with still undeveloped flight-feathers was observed and photographed at a meadow in vicinity of the reserve on June 4. Breeding of Cranes at Senné was supposed already from 2004–2007 but was not confirmed. Je kalous ušatý (Asio otus) stálý, potulný nebo tažný? Is the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) sedentary, nomadic or migratory? Karel ZVÁŘAL & Jiří SVIEČKA Dukelská 3980, 760 01 Zlín, Česko; karel.zvaral@tiscali.cz; 2763 41 Biskupice u Luhačovic 158, Česko In 1997–2006 the presence of Long-eared Owl in some regiones of eastern Moravia (Czech Republic) was monitored. Altogether, 4660 individuals were caught and ringed (35 ind. were controled after one year, 26 after 2 years, 4 after 3 years, 3 after 4 years, 1 after 6, 7, 8 years respectivelly). Altogether 11 recoveries (0.2%) were received from Prague ringing center, 6 reports were from other countries (1 Russia, 2 Ukraine, 2 Slovakia, 1 Austria). One bird was found 3 weeks later 454 km eastward in December. None individual had ring of other country and our bird was not controlled alive by other ringer. Altogether 16 adult birds were caught without ring on breeding site, none was controlled next year in breeding season, three owls were controlled from winter ringing on near sites. From 52 chicks 17 were controlled from September to February, later 1 after 3 and 5 years. Great part of studied population is apparently nomadic and migrating. One sedentary male was caught 3 times within 3 years period but only in winter time, and his home-range was at least 20 km2. Long-eared Owl is not typical sedentary owl also because it has not autumn hooting (defence of territory). Prehľad krúžkovania vtákov na Slovensku v roku 2008 Bird-ringing results in Slovakia in 2008 Vladimír SLOBODNÍK & Roman SLOBODNÍK ŠOP SR, Správa CHKO Ponitrie, Dlhá 3, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovensko; vladimir.slobodnik@sopsr.sk; I. Krasku 8/5, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovensko; kruzkysk@gmail.com In 2008, 59 members of Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia ringed altogether 39907 birds, of them 3872 were nestlings (9.7%). The most numerous ringed species were Sylvia atricapilla (3905 individuals), Erithacus rubecula (3285 ind.), Hirundo rustica (3035 ind.), Parus major (1951 ind.) and Carduelis spinus (1757 ind.). The ringed birds belonged to 164 species. The most frequently ringed young are discussed. Records of 10 individuals re-trapped in Slovakia and ringed abroad as well as 12 individuals ringed in Slovakia and re-trapped abroad are given. 9. správa Faunistickej komisie Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti/BirdLife Slovensko The 9th report of the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia Vladimír ŠRANK Zoologická záhrada Bojnice, 972 01 Bojnice, Slovensko; vladimir.srank@gmail.com, vladimir.srank@zoobojnice.sk In 2008 the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/Birdlife Slovakia discussed in total 15 announcements from which 14 were accepted. In the category A (new species for Slovakia) were accepted 4 observations: Anser indicus, Bucephala albeola, Mergus cucullatus, Threskiornis aethiopicus. In the category C (any occurrence and nesting of the species must by reported) were accepted 10 observations; Aix galericulata, Alopochen aegyptiacus, Ardea alba modesta (2 observations), Calidris canutus, Gelochelidon nilotica, Charadrius alexandrinus, Larus fuscus, Melanitta nigra, Stercorarius parasiticus. |
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